Minimally Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring in Intensive Care Unit. A Brief Review
Keywords:
hemodynamic monitoring, cardiac output, stroke volume, echocardiography, DopplerAbstract
To avoid use of a Swan-Ganz catheter and its attendant complications, new technologies have now become available to help the clinician perform a less invasive hemodynamic monitoring in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Among these, conventional echocardiography, the esophageal Doppler, pulse pressure analysis, the transpulmonary thermodilution, the indicator dilution and the thoracic electrical bioimpedance and bioreactance, all aim at measuring stroke volume and cardiac output by less invasive means and they are herein briefly reviewed.Downloads
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
a. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
